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1987-01-24
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Microsoft C file routines by function
see p. 88-c for explanation of---> err inc
Directory Control - uses <direct.h>
char *getcwd (char *pathbuf, int buflen) NULL*
int chdir (char *pathname) -1*
int mkdir (char *pathname) -1*
int rmdir (char *pathname) -1*
File Handling - uses 1=<io.h>, 2=<stdio.h>, 3=<fcntl.h>,
4=<sys\types.h> & <sys\stat.h>, 5=<sys\locking.h>
int umask (int pmode) 1,4
int rename (char *oldname, char *newname) ~0* 1 or 2
int remove/unlink (char *pathname) -1* 1 or 2
char *mktemp (char *template) NULL 1
int access (char *pathname, int access-mode) -1* 1
int chmod (char *pathname, int pmode) -1* 1,4
int stat (char *pathname, struct stat *buffer) -1* 4
int fstat (int handle, struct stat *buffer) -1* 4
int isatty (int handle) 1
int setmode (int handle, int translation-mode) -1* 1,3
int locking (int handle, int lock-mode, long nbyte) -1* 1,5
long filelength (int handle) -1L* 1
int chsize (int handle, long size) -1* 1
Low Level I/O - uses <io.h>, & maybe <stdio.h> for "EOF", etc.
also: 1=<fcntl.h>, 2=<share.h>, 3=<sys\types.h> & <sys\stat.h>
int open (char *pathname, int oflag[, int pmode]) -1* 1[,3]
int sopen (char *pathname, int oflag, int shflag[, int pmode]) -1* 1,2[,3]
int creat (char *pathname, int pmode) -1* 1,3
int dup (int handle) -1*
int dup2 (int handle, int dup-handle) -1*
int close (int handle) -1*
long lseek (int handle, long offset, int origin) -1L*
long tell (int handle) -1L*
int eof (int handle) -1*
int read (int handle, char *buffer, unsigned int count) 0/-1*
int write (int handle, char *buffer, unsigned int count) -1*
88-a
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Stream I/O - uses <stdio.h>
also: 1=<varargs.h> (for UNIX), -or- <stdarg.h> (for ANSI C)
FILE *fopen (char *pathname, char *type) NULL
FILE *freopen (char *pathname, char *type, FILE stream) NULL
FILE *tmpfile (void) NULL
FILE *fdopen (int handle, char *type) NULL
int fclose (FILE *stream) EOF
int fcloseall (void) EOF
void setbuf (FILE *stream, char *buffer)
int setvbuf (FILE *stream, char *buffer, int buftype, int buflen) ~0
void rewind (FILE *stream)
int fseek (FILE *stream, long offset, int origin) ~0 or ?
long ftell (FILE *stream) -1L
int fileno (FILE *stream) n/a or ?
int feof (FILE *stream)
int ferror (FILE *stream)
void clearerr (FILE *stream)
char *tempnam (char *dir, char *prefix) NULL
char *tmpnam (char *string) NULL
int rmtmp (void)
int fflush (FILE *stream) EOF
int flushall (void)
int fread (char *buffer, int it-size, int it-count, FILE *stream) < it-count
int getc/fgetc (FILE *stream) ?EOF
int getw (FILE *stream) ?EOF
char *fgets (char *buffer, int bufsize, FILE *stream) ?NULL
int fscanf (FILE *stream, char *format[, args...]) EOF!
int ungetc (int c, FILE *stream) EOF
int fwrite (char *buffer, int it-size, int it-count, FILE *stream) < it-count
int putc/fputc (int c, FILE *stream) ?EOF
int putw (int binint, FILE *stream) ?EOF
int fputs (char *string, FILE *stream) EOF
int fprintf (FILE *stream, char *format[, args...])
int vfprintf (FILE *stream, char *format, va_list arg-ptr) 1
88-b
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(stdin/stdout stream-routines)
int getchar/fgetchar (void) ?EOF
char *gets (char *buffer) ?NULL
int scanf (char *format[, args...]) EOF!
int putchar/fputchar (int c) ?EOF
int puts (char *string) EOF
int printf (char *format[, args...])
int vprintf (char *format, va_list arg-ptr) 1
(buffer i/o stream-routines)
int sscanf (char *buffer, char *format[, args...]) EOF!
int sprintf (char *buffer, char *format[, args...])
int vsprintf (char *buffer, char *format, va_list arg-ptr) 1
Console and port I/O - uses <conio.h> & <stdio.h> for "EOF", etc.
int getch (void)
int getche (void)
char *cgets (char *str)
int cscanf (char *format[, args...]) EOF!
int ungetch (int c) EOF
void putch (int c)
void cputs (char *str)
int cprintf (char *format[, args...])
int kbhit (void)
int inp (unsigned port)
int outp (unsigned port, int value)
-----------------
err = error indication (if any); '*' signifies that errno is set; ~0 means non-zero;
lone '?' means that return value may be undefined; ?XXX means that XXX may (or not)
indicate an error -check further with eof, feof, ferror; EOF! means that EOF is always
end-of-file; EOF is defined as -1 in stdio.h (along with NULL, etc.)
note: to use errno, must define errno, & maybe sys_nerr, sys_errlist[].
inc = #include-file requirements - see key at top of each section.
88-c
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Microsoft C string & buffer manipulation routines
<string.h> declares all functions; <memory.h> declares only buffer functions.
Copy - returns pointer to destination (except memccpy)
char *strcpy (dst,src) copies src to dst, including \0
char *strncpy (dst,src,n) copies exactly n chars, \0-padding if n > len(src)
char *memcpy (dst,src,n) copies n bytes from src to dst (overlap handled ok)
char *memccpy (dst,src,c,n) same, except stops after 1st c (if any)
note: memccpy returns pointer to next char in dst following c (or NULL)
void movedata (src-seg,src-off,dst-seg,dst-off,n) copies far-data
note: movedata useful in small and medium models, (memcpy ok for large)
char *strdup (str) allocates (malloc) & copies to new storage (NULL = error)
Compare - returns <0, 0, >0 depending on lexicographic order
- case-insensitive routines treat all alpha as lower case
int strcmp (str1,str2) compare str1 : str2
int stricmp/strcmpi (str1,str2) same, case-insensitive
int strncmp (str1,str2,n) compares 1st n chars
int *strnicmp (str1,str2,n) same, case-insensitive
int memcmp (buf1,buf2,n) compares n bytes buf1 : buf2
int memicmp (buf1,buf2,n) same, case-insensitive
88-d
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String & buffer routines (continued)
Examine
char *strstr (str,key) points to 1st key-string in str (or NULL)
char *strchr (str,c) points to 1st c in str (or NULL) - allows \0
char *strrchr (str,c) points to last c (or NULL)
char *memchr (buf,c,n) points to 1st c in 1st n bytes of buf (or NULL)
char *strpbrk (str,set) points to 1st char in str from set (or NULL) - no \0
int strlen (str) length, not including \0 (i.e., index of the \0)
unsigned strspn (str,set) index of 1st char NOT in set (=len of str prefix from set)
unsigned strcspn (str,set) index of 1st char in set (=len of str prefix NOT from set)
Modify - returns pointer to given string/buffer or destination string/buffer
char *strlwr (str) converts any upper case to lower
char *strupr (str) converts any lower case to upper
char *strrev (str) reverses the string leaving \0 untouched
char *strset (str,c) sets all except \0 to c
char *strnset (str,c,n) sets at most n chars to c, not passing \0
char *memset (buf,c,n) sets 1st n bytes of buf to c
char *strcat (dst,src) appends src to dst
char *strncat (dst,src,n) appends at most n chars of src to dst
char *strerror (str) concatenates last error, \n to str (allows str=NULL)
note: strerror requires definition of errno, sys_nerr, sys_errlist[].
Examine & Mmodify
char *strtok (str,set) points to 1st token in str (or NULL)
" (NULL,set) points to next token in previous str (or NULL)
note: set (the delimiters) need not be same on all calls
also: strtok skips leading delims, replaces delims with \0
88-e
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